Viet Nam’s national ecosystem assessment underscores the country’s rich biodiversity, the legal frameworks guiding conservation, and the socio-economic contributions of key ecosystems. With 176 protected areas covering over 2.5 million hectares, the report highlights the critical role of forests, wetlands and coastal ecosystems in supporting livelihoods. It also stresses the need for enhanced policies on marine and wetland ecosystem services to strengthen socio-economic sustainability and biodiversity conservation.