In recent decades, environmental policies and management have focused on the importance of ecosystem services—defined as the value of provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural benefits that humans derive from nature (Costanza et al., 2017). Although economic systems are supported by provisioning services such as food and fibre, other potential benefits that humans derive from biodiversity and ecological processes are less well quantified, especially the degree to which they are influenced by commodity production (Bennett et al., 2009). Indeed, many aspects of biodiversity and natural variability (e.g. competing vegetation, herbivores, disease, natural disturbances) may be perceived as ecosystem disservices in production systems due to concern for adverse effects on the provisioning of goods to society (Ceausu et al., 2019). Intensive land management practices often aim to control natural variability to facilitate a steady production of economically valuable crop species (Wagner et al., 2006).
Experimental evaluation of herbicide use on biodiversity, ecosystem services and timber production trade-offs in forest plantations
Year: 2021
