Biodiversity – the diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems – underpins functioning ecosystems, societies, and economies (Rockström et al 2009; Duffy et al 2017). International biodiversity goals and targets have been established to direct governments and inspire wider society to take steps towards strengthening the conservation of biodiversity, in the broader context of global sustainable development. These goals and targets are embedded within different Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs), such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora (CITES), and the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (European Commission 2018b).
